Sejarah Manajemen Dengan 4 Pendekatan (Klasik, Kuantitatif, Perilaku, Kontemporer)

Bahasa Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to comprehensively examine the development of management theories, covering four main approaches: Classical, Quantitative, Behavioral, and Contemporary. Management practices have been implemented since ancient times, including the Egyptian, Babylonian, and Roman civilizations. Management as a structured discipline, focusing on production efficiency, emerged during the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries. The Classical Approach, notably marked by Frederick Winslow Taylor's work on Scientific Management in 1911, sought to find "the one best way" to perform a job through scientific methods. The Quantitative Approach originated from mathematical and statistical solutions developed to solve military problems during World War II, later evolving into management science. Meanwhile, the Behavioral Approach (Human Relations Movement) arose to make managers more sensitive to employee needs, influenced by the Hawthorne studies and the philosophy of industrial humanism. Finally, Contemporary Management is an ever-evolving approach that emphasizes the importance of adaptation and innovation in responding to the complex systemic environment dynamics, such as technology and globalization. This study employed a qualitative approach with a literature review design, where data was collected through searching and summarizing key findings from various credible literature, such as books and scholarly articles. The presentation of this article is crucial for providing a comprehensive understanding that can be used as a resource in developing the science of Islamic education management, especially in the competitive era of globalization.